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4- Bandwagon effect bias


Pic says: “Ideas, fads, and beliefs grow as more people adopt them. Sally believes fidget spinners help her children, Francis does too.”

Bandwagon effect bias
Biased people running without seeing the reality
 

Order:

 

1: What is it?


Our actions are influenced by a majority on an emotional basis.

 

2: Elaboration


Action: in a broad sense all of the thoughts, imaginations, the way you think and imagine, your expression, behaviour, action and the way you behave express and act, literally everything.


Influenced: you accept and adopt actions causing without any direct apparent effort, which are not based on your critical thinking, consciousness and reasoning.


Better words than mine: “Herd mentality, mob mentality or pack mentality describes how people can be influenced by their peers to adopt certain behaviours on a largely emotional, rather than rational, basis. When individuals are affected by mob mentality, they may make different decisions than they would have individually.”


Emotional: you adopt other’s acts in 2 ways:


1: rational.

2: emotional.


In this case, you accept your peers acts on a largely emotional rather than rational basis.


You go the way everyone goes, just by accepting them and you don’t reflect on the matter and research it.

 

3: Example


When everyone starts wearing any designed outfit, you will also start to...

 

4: Explanation


We need to understand the emotional and rational brain.


Our actions, expressions, behaviours... Everything is based on thoughts.


They are another form of information which comes from the outside world (non of your mind). So basically “Thoughts are words in our minds, as imagination is a picture in it”.


The thoughts are seeds of our every single movement.


One of those actions is considered in emotions...Let’s understand.


Our brain has some parts. Here we will discuss about 3:


1: Thalamus.

2: Visual cortex.

3: Amygdala.


Thalamus: Where info forms in thoughts and imagination and where it is translated into the language of the mind.


Visual cortex: Then most of the messages go to the visual (cerebral) cortex. To analyse the info.


Amygdala: in the process of analysis, if the info is emotional it will be sent to the Amygdala.


Then the emotional potentials play role in this process. In emotional conditions info comes to the thalamus and then to the visual cortex and so on.


But everything happens emotionally. And when your emotional brain is much more active than the rational brain, all of your acts happen emotionally.


In the case of increasing emotions, thoughts change their ways to go to the Amygdala by the cerebral cortex and take a shortcut which plays a great role to empower your emotional brain.


(Understanding the thought is quite important, that’s why I explained it in my other article “the language of mind” which I’m about to explain)


I suggest you read the book Emotional intelligence by Daniel Goleman.


Here is what the author said in better words:


“A visual signal first goes from the retina to the thalamus, where it is translated into the language of brain. Most of the message then goes to the visual cortex, where it is analyzed and assessed for meaning and appreciate response; if that response is emotional, a signal goes to the amygdala to activate the emotional centres. But a smaller portion of the original signal goes straight from the thalamus to the amygdala in a quicker transmission, allowing a faster (though less precise) response. Thus the amygdala can trigger an emotional response before the cortical centres have fully understood what is happening”


Here we understand two points:


1: Emotional & rational brain.

2: Anatomy of emotional hijacking.


Rational brain: “Your rational brain represents your ability to reason through centres options whilst your emotional brain represents your instincts, impulses, and intuition. While your thinking brain is making provision for your retirement, your feeling brain wants to plan for a vacation”


2: Anatomy of emotional hijacking:

“In his book Working With Emotional Intelligence, Daniel Goleman coined the term “emotional hijacking” to describe situations in which the amygdala — the brain's emotional processing centre — takes over the normal reasoning process. This can occur during difficult interactions with others.”


“During an emotional hijack, our thinking brain gets paralyzed, which means our IQ drops, we lose the ability to make complex decisions, we no longer see other perspectives and our memory becomes compromised — Not the most helpful scenario in social settings.”


Let’s understand much further:


Understand it by different examples:


1: People love to spend money on branded costly stuff. So you also desire to get that while you might don’t even need that at all.


In the depths of this example, we also see that when a branded stuff owner you see, you feel something weird and their impression of yourself covers your essentials...


(I suggest you read the book “the psychology of money”)


2: Alarm alerts people in the building “Fire! Fire! Fire!” everyone runs in panic, when you come out, you start running the same way they are running without any consideration.


3: Pranks are on trend nowadays. One of those pranks is the prank elevator.


When a person in an elevator sees some strangers sit without any reason, that person also sits, when they turn their face in an opposite direction that person also...

You may think that it happens by rational decisions. Nope, not at all. He thinks emotionally but it seems rational.


4: Including you, the school cheer up for a team blue, but after sometimes a new team, the team black is on the trends. People started cheering for team black instead of team blue, while they had a strong connection with that before the black appears, but they turned. After a while you step aside and started supporting the team black.


There are a lot of examples which say by their selves the reasons of this bandwagon effect in different conditions.


1: in first example of money, the desire of wealth and praise trapped you in.


2: in the second, panic reasoned to...


3: in the pranks, base was the fear of being wrong.


4: the case of joining others tells that the reason behind this was fear of exclusion and getting exerted by the group which changed your subsequent act in the allegiance of the majority.


This bias extends to all sorts of psychological phenomena and these were the base and this is how this bias occurs.

 

5: Effects

In:

  • Social

  • Belief

  • Politics

The very first effect which is deforming the society is “politically distracted beliefs in social...” which reasoned in rights, fights, clashes and inhumanity.


You see news against your religion like someone being beaten or killed by another religious person. And the media takes over to make it much more irrational and irritating: “Breaking news! This religion is trying to come over that religion. A person is brutally killed, and this might can be a threat to another religion...”


Is that what news is called? Journalism is all about sharing information.


By seeing this news you don’t think that a majority of that religion is again it, whether they show it up or not as not everyone comes across the street. So the hate must should be limited and confined to that cruel killer.


Only intellectuals think this way, as we can observe in our everyday life.


But after seeing these messages you observe that you go the way everyone is going meanwhile you know the reality of media you know the darkness of politics and you better know the people.

 

6: How to?


Just have mindfulness before you act, think rationally, and become an intellectual.


Start with why? Why I go the way everyone is going, don’t have I mind to think. I’m not a fool. I also have mind to find out the reasons and step ways in my life. Why is this happening? What is the actuality behind it? Why I’m supposed to vote for this person? Is he developing our beloved country or is he just giving us words that he will give us this and that, and he always talks about religion... Think of why and what.


And slow down your judging process. Try to conclude in not a short time.



Writer: Khaiyam Khalid:


In-group favouritism

Pic says: “we favour people who are in our in-group as opposed to an out-group. Francis is in your church, so you like Francis more than Sally”


In-group favouritism. In group and out group bias
Each one of them believes that we are together I.e, our people and other people are against us and bas
 

Order of the thesis:

 

1: What is it?


“prioritizing people of in-group in the comparison of people of out-group”

 

2: Elaboration:


You live amongst two kinds of people. People who are in your group which is called “in-group” and people who are not in your group are called “out-group”.


You favour and prioritise in-group people, not out-group people.

 

3: Example:


In a match there are two kinds of people:


1: people who support the blue team including you. And those are your in-group people.


2: who supports the orange team. Those are your out-group people.


If you want to serve some snacks and tea then you will favour in-group people.

 

4: Explanation:


Primarily the meaning of group:


In-group: people of your group.


Out-group: people who are not in your group, whether they have any kind of group or not.


For example:

A: People who support smoking.

B: who doesn’t support it and try to ban it.

C: who cares nothing. Smoke & die or don’t smoke.


If you support group A then is your in-group and BC, I mean B & C (dirty minds) are your out-group.


• Because “believing nothing is also a belief”


Here:

We can divide groups into:

1: in-group

2: out-group


Out-group to:

1: out-group declared.

2: out-group silent.


Base of groups


To understand much deeper we are supposed to reflect on the group itself, because


• Word itself explains its meanings

In-group, out-group, declared, silent... Everyone has a base and pillars on which groups are built as you know that apparently everything has a base.


The pillars of groups are different from one another because the groups are different from one another.


But the sum of all pillars and basis is belief.


Usually, groups are made on beliefs, frequently on the basis of thinking, cast and culture, oftentimes on circle, surroundings, choice, rarely to help and hardly ever to apologise and accept the faults and mistakes.


Here we explain some pillars:


Politics:

The most cruel grouping ever, literally tens of thousands of lives are lost, homes are destroyed, humanity is deformed, flames of anger and hates are sparkled, bloods and bloods, the darkness everywhere just by this brutal politics, evil system and dark thinkings and minds.


I’m writing a book on its darkness to cut that down, I named that “an orphan says”. That book will help you to understand.


Actually religion is also a group making base. But the violence is rarely appeared in our surroundings by the actual factors of religion.


But the political parties are sparking the hates using the religions. They just want to build their empire no matter what it costs?


And the results are heart-breaking, minors fight and kill and die. While the politicians are enjoying life and growing.


Yes I accept that religious people also play role in it, but in 2 ways:


1: dumbs violate others. So will never see a great scholar of any religion spread hate.

2: religious people exert hating by being fooled by politics.


Here: politicians whether they are participating in it or not will distract you. They will never let your mind reflect that maybe there could be something hidden behind the case, we must find out that. They will incite (provoke, urge) you to do and die, emotionally. There’s a lot to unbury the facts but coming to the point...

How politics? Meanwhile, the religions are also violating in their own different circles!

Not so! You know that all religions mean ease, helping, forgiving... Whenever the wars appeared by religions, mostly they were up-raised through politics.


(I don’t say that politics is this and that. It helps the country to grow if it’s good. Making your country developed.

Always vote by reflecting that which parties have the most educated politicians, because uneducated will deform the future of you, your family, your grandsons and daughters and your beloved nation)


Above them, grouping also can be based on nations, cultures, creeds, casts, ceremonies, rituals, surroundings, likes, families, thinking ways etcetera.

The whole world is a group. Everyone is in a single team to beautify the world.


Nationally: there are some groups, some are divided into religions and politics and some are in culture...


Your national people are your in-group people, your state people are your in-group, your culture, religion, political party... All of them are your in-group people.


And who is out of that namely someone is in another nation, supports another religion, party, culture... Then those people are your out-group people.


But the interesting fact to understand what beautifies the world is: everyone is yours, and every single person is in your in-group people with different perspectives.


For example, you went to a university and you got a chance to participate in a debate or any other match. There are two teams, yours and your competitor’s.

And the team members are divided like this:

Your team: 5 members:

1: you (Nepal, religion A, political party B).

2: Taiyar (India, religion B, political party A)

3: Waleed. (China, religion C, party C)

4: Malik. (Nepal, religion B, party A)

5: Ghazali. (Same as yours)


Your competitor’s team, 5 members:

The best country in the world namely Nepalese, Indian, and Chinese, some support religion A, some B & C, some support political party A and some B and C.


Here: tell me who is in your in-group and who is an out-group person?


From the perspective of the match, your team members are your in-group people. And competitors are your out-group people.


But from the perspective of religion, nation, politics... Some competitors are also your in-group people. And some of your team members are your out-group people.


Everyone is your in-group people.


Intellectuals will understand 2 points:


1: Balancing the groups.

2: World group.


Balancing the groups:

As you saw in the example that everyone is your in-group people and at the same time everyone is your out-group people. So which you are supposed to support mostly?


Yeah, you will use the law of percentage to measure the exact situation. Because you are a great thinker that’s why you are here in the world of books the world of knowledge.


Law of percentage measuring:

This helps us to understand the judgment, that how to lead the situation.

There are two points to understand in this law:


1: situation: in which situation you are exactly?


2: percentage of fortune and loss in the case of stepping aside and going further.


Example: Smoking in normal times is unitedly bad because it’s injurious to health and it’s a death-dealing risk.


But if you are overwhelmed by emotions and depression, then can you smoke to feel better or not?


Here we reflect on the depths of this law:

There are three points to consider:


1: Smoking once can be the potential for addiction.


2: It is harmful to the lives (yours and the people around you, your family)


3: It will make you feel better.


To measure the percentage you must need to understand the values of things.


1: the value of addiction: much important to think about stepping away from smoking in every situation.


2: the value of feelings: it’s valuable.

3: life is also valuable.


Now: which one has the most powerful value in the comparison of this scenario?


Obviously; life has. Because your feelings are dependent on your life. So the percentage of not smoking saves your life much more than the percentage of feelings. That’s why “no smoking” will be up there in every condition and situation. Until the percentage of life is differed for example: you are forced to smoke otherwise you will be killed then to save your life you must have to smoke and that’s not bad, it’s saving your life which is much more... (There’s a lot to understand about that which things are valuable mostly, and differing those with their selves... which I explained in my another book “the law of ADL”)


Here we understand another point:


Crimes against the law of groups are not the crimes of groups”


There are laws in every single group (even the group where the law is nothing because it’s also a law in itself).


If a person of a specified group commits crimes against the law of the group to which he relates, then you can’t say that group is this and that, because that group will never stand for those crimes.


That’s you can’t blame the whole group and the people of that group, the condemnable and punishable is one who was involved in it.


This is the most important point to bear within the society, and just punishing the criminal. Not the whole innocent group...

Intellectuals will understand from this point the depths of laws like the punishment of killing is killing the criminal. Which I will explain somewhere after.


Coming to point 2

World group:

In a broad sense, every single person is in your group whether nationally, religiously, politically, culturally...


Then why the inhumanity against anyone?

In today’s world, we just need to understand the facts of in-group favouritism. So we can this world a peaceful world.


Spread this bias, especially to everyone and become a part of the peace itself.

 

5: effects:

In:

• Belief

• Social


Politi. But what about those who have no idea about it? Your understanding matters but just you and I can’t change anything until everyone understands...


Share this book and especially this bias and let people understand and expand by the integration of their selves in it.


Share this book with two friends and tell every one of them to share with two friends in forward.


Let’s beauty the world together ❤️



By Khaiyam Khalid:

self-serving bias

Pic says: “our failures are situational but our successes are our responsibility. You won that award due to hard work rather than the help of luck meanwhile you failed a task because you hadn’t gotten enough sleep”

Self-serving cognitive bias
Blaming others on failure
 

Order:

 

1: what is?


You better knew the definition of the picture’s words.


In other words: Attributing positive events and success to our enteral character, ability and actions but blaming negative results on external factors unrelated to us in any way.

 

2: Elaboration:


In four points:


  • It’s almost everyone’s habitual act to take credit for positive events, successes, reaching destinations and covering goals. Like you say I won the match because I’m a great Player.


  • On another hand when we face any disappointing condition, negative results or situations then we don’t think it happened because of us, I’m responsible for that, we keep blaming outside factors. Like you say I lose the match because it was a bad day.


  • our minds neglect to reflect on actual reasons and come up with fiction which might don’t relate to us at all.


  • It tends to occur widely across populations.

 

3: Example:


I give you three examples:


1. Won the match because of my ability.

2. Lose the match because it’s a bad day.

3. Won the match because of luck/lose the match because of me. (It is inverting the bias, I will explain it after so just focus on two examples given up)

 

4: Explanation:


Formerly we need to understand the LOC.

LOC: Locus of control.


Its refers to our belief system of mind about conducting attributions and causing events, as it happens because of that.


In simple words:


1: mind makes causes and reasons for something.


Like winning the match or losing it. So your mind will make a reason like they won the match because of that player.


2: The reasons your mind makes could be internal (ability/character..) and also can be external (bad day/lack of sleep...).


So the reason your mind makes is the locus of control. That the reason is internal or external on which events are based.


That’s why it has two types:


1: Internal LOC

2: External LOC


Internal LOC


Attaching events to yourself, whether it’s your character, ability or merits.


The persons with internal LOC will tag their events to themselves as I won because of me.


External LOC


Assigning events to the external and outsiders, like luck or something.


People who have external LOC, won’t credit events their selves like they won the match because of luck.

Now! Self-serving bias is all about causing events which are based on LOC, so this bias will that it happened because of internal/external reasons, that’s why it has two sides which I told you about in the third example:


1: uprising the bias.

2: inverting the bias.


Up-righting the bias:


Attributing positive events to yourself and opposite it in negatives.


Inverting the bias:


Crediting positive events to externals, like luck, help, situation... And reasoning negative events to yourself, like you lose because of yourself.


Usually, depression and low self-esteem cause to invert this bias.


This kind of person is introvert meanwhile up-risers might want to display their achievements.


Brightening side of bias


Incitation (motivation) to the bias is that it impulse (motivates) self-enhancement and self-presentation.


1. Self-enhancement


Improving yourself-worth and esteem.

If you use this bias, it will keep your self-enhancement up, like umpire outs you in a match and you hear bad pitches but this bias will empower you and you will think that the umpire is unfair and I’m still a great player.


The same in the exam results, maybe you got C or you didn’t get an A but you think it matters nothing you are more than anyone else.


So the thought “I’m a great player” and “I’m more than everyone” is the lightning side of this bias which will make you feel the worth of yourself and it will save you from emotional inferiority.


2. Self-presentation


It’s all about the desire to appear in front of people and show your skill without any hesitation. It’s helpful to beautify your self-image and sshowit in the outside world.

I lose the running match because I hadn’t got enough sleep, so when I’m fully ready I can defeat anyone.


Other considerable factors

“Men are from Mars and women are from Jupiter”


There’s nothing to light-up the gender and sex differences, as the books describe.


The bias could play a different role in men in comparison to women, because of our opposed desires, feelings, emotions, and mind systems.


Old and young:


Bias is common with youngers because of excessive emotional nerves and lack of experience. But it might less prevalent in older adults due to experiences the life but again they also could have strong vibes of this bias because of the tendency of judging accurately.


Culture: culture also determines the factors of this bias.


How it overcomes?

Because of the lack of responsible vibes.

 

5: Effects:


Disadvantages of the bias in:


  • Belief: the most dangerous.

  • Social: it deforms the relations.


Suppose if students always think that the teachers are unfair then the bond and relation among teachers and students will be dark, and eventually the education will die.


  • Money 💰💸: suppose if you don’t be responsible in your business disasters then you will be bankrupt very soon. Because you will never know the actual reasons behind troubles and keep blaming outsiders.


  • It also calls narcissism.

 

6: How to avoid it?


Very simple: be responsible!


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